Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi. These diseases can spread from person to person or from animals to humans and can result in a wide range of symptoms, from mild to severe. Research in this area focuses on understanding and preventing the transmission of infectious diseases, developing vaccines and treatments, and investigating the impact of these diseases on public health. This research is crucial for controlling and managing outbreaks of infectious diseases and protecting global health.